Out of Africa...and Again?

The article states that in recent evidence that homo erectus could not have been the first to migrate to Africa, that there were earlier hominids instead of homo erectus that started to migrate from Africa.

Becoming Human; Last Human Standing 4/10/12

-replaced by modern humans (neanderthal)
-remains of a 100,000 year old child found
-N. Spain archeological mine
expose ancient human habitation
-entrance to caves--pit of bones
found fragments, thought that there were skeletons
around 30 complete skeletons half a million years old
-evidence that the pit with the bones meant it was ceremonial
hand axe, cortz=believed it was an offering and a symbol
-homo heidelbergensis
-neanderthal fossils; modern humans descended from primitive form
-missing link between us and the apes?
-neanderthal physical similarities like us humans
did they think and act like us?
- Mers valley in Belgium gives us the reason; neanderthal child
jaw bone of a young boy, 100,00 years old
fragments of teeth; almost a complete mouth; put together his life
woodland and valley was his home
learning from his father to become a hunter
-germany leipzig; discovering the jaw
-about 11 or 12 years old; teeth can tell you how old
- child died around 8 years old
- grew up quicker, much less time for brain growth and learning
- less intelligent?
- evidence from skulls: endocasts (impressions in skulls tells us the information)
front of the brain is similar to ours what else?
-neanderthal brain temporal and parietal lobe are smaller than ours
sign of limited thinking powers
-diet
all exclusively meat eaters
no fish
-technology
no throwing spears or arrows
knives, tips of spears
close to prey to kill them=hunting risky
male skeletons have multiple fractures
-lives were tough and short
-skeletons tell they don't live beyond 30
-lasted almost 400,00 years
-25,000 years ago vanished
-Africa; droughts turned the area into deserts
-ancient population crashes; bottle neck effect
-lack of human diversity in DNA, wiped out
-few individuals make it through the bottle neck, but missing most of the population
-all people from earth are descendants from a small population in Africa
-hunting for shell fish
gathering berries
-stone tools
long thin blades
heating it improved it's duration
-stone tools aren't just cutting things but carrying information about the owner(s)
-shells with holes, believed to use them as necklaces, wearing ornaments and painting their bodies
-culture is the storehouse of our complex ways of thinking
"pass it on to our children like we do our genes"
-evolution will increase