Biological determination: the concept that phenomena, including various aspects of behavior are governed by biological factors; the inaccurate association of various behavioral attributes with certain biological traits, such as skin color
-18th-19th century European and American scientists concentrated on classifying biological variation in humans and in nonhuman species.
-Blumenbach, German anatomist classified humans in 5 races: white, yellow, red, black and brown. Also he said that racial categories based on skin color were arbitrary.
Eugenics: the philosophy of "race improvement" through the forced sterilization of members of some groups and increased reproduction among others; among others; an overly simplified, often racist view that's now discredited.
Polytpyic: referring to species composed of populations that differ int he expression of one or more traits
-certain physical traits are associated with numerous cultural contexts a person's social identity is strongly influenced by the way he or she expresses those physical traits
-skin color highly visible, makes it easy to put someone in a certain category
-sex and age are important, an individuals biological/ethnic background is inevitably a factor that influences how he/she in initially perceived and judged by others
-race can also refer to geographically patterned phenotypic variation within a species
-biological anthropologists continue to study differences in traits as skin or eye color because these characteristics and the genes that influence them, can yield information about population adaption, genetic drift, mutation and gene flow.
-race isn't a valid concept esp. from a genetic perspective, because the amount of genetic variation that exists within groups
-some physical anthropologist think that race is an outdated creation of the human mind that attempts to simplify biological complexity
Racism
-false belief: humans inherit such factors as intellect and various cultural attributes
-one group is superior to another
-cultural phenomenon found worldwide
Intelligence
-genetic and environmental factors contribute to intelligence
-limits are broad and the potentials aren't fully known
-product of interaction is learning and ability to learn influenced by genetic and other biological components
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